Bone Exostosis: Difference between revisions

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* Firm swellings with normal overlying mucosa
* Firm swellings with normal overlying mucosa
* Small-sized lesions → <3mm elevation and <10mm diameter
* Medium-sized lesions → 3-5mm elevation and 10-15mm diameter
* Large-sized lesions → >5mm elevation and >15mm diameter
* '''Torus palatinus'''
* '''Torus palatinus'''
** Occurs in the midline of the palate (usually in the mid-third)
** Occurs in the midline of the palate (usually in the mid-third)

Revision as of 10:29, 15 January 2022

  • Nodular swellings of normal bone in the oral cavity
  • Also known as tori (torus = singular)
  • Common sites:
    • Hard palate (torus palatinus)
    • Lingual premolar region of the mandible (torus mandibularis)
    • Buccal alveolar bone of maxilla or mandible

Epidemiology

  • Incidence varies between different races[1]
    • More common in Inuit, Native American and Asian populations
  • Torus palatinus
    • More common than mandibular tori
    • Incidence - 9-66%
    • ♀ > ♂
  • Torus mandibularis
    • Incidence - 0.5-63.4%
    • ♂ > ♀

Clinical Features

  • Firm swellings with normal overlying mucosa
  • Small-sized lesions → <3mm elevation and <10mm diameter
  • Medium-sized lesions → 3-5mm elevation and 10-15mm diameter
  • Large-sized lesions → >5mm elevation and >15mm diameter
  • Torus palatinus
    • Occurs in the midline of the palate (usually in the mid-third)
    • Usually symmetrical but if large can also become an irregular rounded mass
  • Torus mandibularis
    • Found on the lingual surface of the mandible
    • Usually adjacent to premolars and above the mylohyoid attachment
    • If very large can interfere with tongue movement
  • Other sites
      • Multiple bone exposes can also affect the buccal aspect of maxilla or mandible

Differential Diagnosis

  • Differential Diagnosis

Aetiology and Pathogenesis

  • Aetiology and pathogenesis

Investigations

Laboratory Investigations

Imaging

Other

Management

  • Management

Prognosis and Complications

  • Prognosis and Complications

Follow-up

  • Follow-up

References

[[Category:]]