Bone Exostosis
- Nodular swellings of normal bone in the oral cavity
- Also known as tori (torus = singular)
- Common sites:
- Hard palate (torus palatinus)
- Lingual premolar region of the mandible (torus mandibularis)
- Buccal alveolar bone of maxilla or mandible
Epidemiology
- Incidence varies between different races[1]
- More common in Inuit, Native American and Asian populations
- Torus palatinus
- More common than mandibular tori
- Incidence - 9-66%
- ♀ > ♂
- Torus mandibularis
- Incidence - 0.5-63.4%
- ♂ > ♀
Clinical Features
- Firm swellings with normal overlying mucosa
Differential Diagnosis
- Differential Diagnosis
Aetiology and Pathogenesis
- Aetiology and pathogenesis
Investigations
Laboratory Investigations
Imaging
Other
Management
- Management
Prognosis and Complications
- Prognosis and Complications
Follow-up
- Follow-up
References
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