Bone Exostosis

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  • Nodular swellings of normal bone in the oral cavity
  • Also known as tori (torus = singular)
  • Common sites:
    • Hard palate (torus palatinus)
    • Lingual premolar region of the mandible (torus mandibularis)
    • Buccal alveolar bone of maxilla or mandible

Epidemiology

  • Incidence varies between different races[1]
    • More common in Inuit, Native American and Asian populations
  • Torus palatinus
    • More common than mandibular tori
    • Incidence - 9-66%
    • ♀ > ♂
  • Torus mandibularis
    • Incidence - 0.5-63.4%
    • ♂ > ♀

Clinical Features

  • Firm swellings with normal overlying mucosa

Differential Diagnosis

  • Differential Diagnosis

Aetiology and Pathogenesis

  • Aetiology and pathogenesis

Investigations

Laboratory Investigations

Imaging

Other

Management

  • Management

Prognosis and Complications

  • Prognosis and Complications

Follow-up

  • Follow-up

References

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